Verb

     Verb is a word which shows action or state of something.

Examples. Write, run, eat, drink, catch, clean, speak, laugh, weep, are some verbs

        He is writing a letter.

    In the above example, the verb “write” tells us about the action (writing) of the subject (he). A verb has its subject in sentence and verb tells us what its subject does, did or will do.

Verbs describe action or state. Most verbs describe action, such verbs are called “dynamic verb”, for example write, eat, run, speak. Some verbs describe state of something, such verbs are called “stative verb” and are not usually used in continuous tense for example be, impress, please, surprise, belong to, consist of, resemble, seem

Examples.
            He works in a factory(action)
            I boughta computer. (action)
            John seems happy. (state)
            He resembles his brother (state)

Some verbs can be used as dynamic verb as well as stative verb.
Example.
           She looks very beautiful. (look as stative verb)
           She looked at black board. (look as dynamic verb)

                    Forms of verb according to tense or time of action.

Verb has three forms according to tense.

• Base form           2. Past Simple    4. Past participle

For example, go—went—gone. “Go” is base form, “went” is past simple form, and “gone” is past participle form. These three form may also be named as 1st form, 2nd form and 3rd form of verb, which are denoted by V1, V2 and V3 respectively. “ing” is added to base form verb to make present participle which can be used with auxiliary verb “to be” in continuous tense, for example, go—going, eat—eating, laugh—laughing.

                      Formation of past simple and past participle

On the basis formation of past simple and past participle, verb is divided into

• •Regular verbs
• •Irregular verbs

 

Regular Verbs.

Some verbs form their past simple and past participle form by adding “-ed” to their base form, such verbs are called regular verbs, for example laugh—laughed—laughed, look—looked—looked.
Some examples

Verb	Base form or V1	Past simple or V2	Past participle or V3	Present participle
To advise	advise	advised	advised	Advising
To allow	allow	allowed	allowed	Allowing
To enjoy	enjoy	enjoyed	enjoyed	Enjoying
To rain	rain	rained	rained	Raining
To smile	smile	smiled	smiled	Smiling

 

Irregular Verbs.

Some verbs form their past simple and participle in different ways for example, buy—bought—bought, eat—ate—eaten, such verbs are called irregular verbs. 

Some examples

Verb	Base form or V1	Past simple or V2	Past participle or V3	Present participle
To know	know	knew	known	Knowing
To go	go	went	gone	Going
To drink	drink	drank	drunk	Drinking
To hold	hold	held	held	Holding
To write	wriite	wrote	written	Writing

Some verbs remain same in past simple and past participle.

Some example

Verb	Base form or V1	Past simple or V2	Past participle or V3	Present participle
To cut	cut	cut	cut	Cutting
To shut	shut	shut	shut	Shutting
To spread	spread	spread	spread	Spreading
To put	put	put	put	Putting
To read	read	read	read	reading

Main Verbs and Auxiliary or Helping verbs

A sentence can have both main verb and helping verb (auxiliary verb).

Main verb: A verb which has major meaning in terms of action are called main verb,i.e. write, buy, eat etc. 

Helping verb: A verb which supports the main verb to form the structure of sentence, according a specific tense, is called helping verb or auxiliary verb, i.e. is, am, have, was, had, is, will etc.

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